Description
Zod schema-validation library contains an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability that allows attackers to exhaust memory by submitting a large array, set or map to an application that uses a container schema without an explicit size constraint. The handleArrayResult parse logic in $ZodArray (and the equivalent set and map paths) accumulates every validation issue for each failing element with no cap or early termination, causing the process to allocate one issue object per element and crash under out-of-memory conditions. This is reachable in the default configuration whenever a container schema such as z.array() is declared without a size bound. The upstream change in commit e06a510 (pull request 6652, first released in 4.6.6) only moves the .max(), .length() and .size() size checks to run before element parsing, so it rejects oversized input for schemas that declare an explicit upper bound; per the maintainer, unbounded containers are unchanged. No released version remediates the unbounded (default) case described here, and an opt-in setting to cap total accumulated errors was proposed but not merged.
Published: 2026-10-01
Score: 8.2 High
EPSS: < 1% Very Low
KEV: No
Impact: n/a
Action: n/a
AI Analysis

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Remediation

Vendor Solution

No released version fully remediates the unbounded (default) condition. Applications must add an explicit size bound, for example .max(n), to every array, set and map schema that validates untrusted input; from 4.6.6 (commit e06a510) such a declared bound is enforced before any element is parsed. Schemas left unbounded remain subject to unbounded issue accumulation and memory exhaustion. Audit all uses of z.array(), z.set() and z.map(), including those reached through third-party and transitive dependencies.

Tracking

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Advisories

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History

Fri, 23 Oct 2026 00:45:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
Description Zod schema-validation library through 4.6.5, fixed in commit e06a510, contains an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability that allows attackers to exhaust memory by submitting a large array to an application using an array schema without a length constraint. Attackers can exploit the handleArrayResult parse logic in $ZodArray, which accumulates every validation issue for each failing element with no cap or early termination, causing the process to allocate excessive issue objects and crash due to out-of-memory conditions. Zod schema-validation library contains an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability that allows attackers to exhaust memory by submitting a large array, set or map to an application that uses a container schema without an explicit size constraint. The handleArrayResult parse logic in $ZodArray (and the equivalent set and map paths) accumulates every validation issue for each failing element with no cap or early termination, causing the process to allocate one issue object per element and crash under out-of-memory conditions. This is reachable in the default configuration whenever a container schema such as z.array() is declared without a size bound. The upstream change in commit e06a510 (pull request 6652, first released in 4.6.6) only moves the .max(), .length() and .size() size checks to run before element parsing, so it rejects oversized input for schemas that declare an explicit upper bound; per the maintainer, unbounded containers are unchanged. No released version remediates the unbounded (default) case described here, and an opt-in setting to cap total accumulated errors was proposed but not merged.
Title Zod 4.6.5 Uncontrolled Resource Consumption via Array Validation Zod Uncontrolled Resource Consumption via Unbounded Array, Set, and Map Validation
Weaknesses CWE-1188

Tue, 13 Oct 2026 16:30:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
Description Zod schema-validation library through 4.6.5 contains an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability that allows attackers to exhaust memory by submitting a large array to an application using an array schema without a length constraint. Attackers can exploit the handleArrayResult parse logic in $ZodArray, which accumulates every validation issue for each failing element with no cap or early termination, causing the process to allocate excessive issue objects and crash due to out-of-memory conditions. Zod schema-validation library through 4.6.5, fixed in commit e06a510, contains an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability that allows attackers to exhaust memory by submitting a large array to an application using an array schema without a length constraint. Attackers can exploit the handleArrayResult parse logic in $ZodArray, which accumulates every validation issue for each failing element with no cap or early termination, causing the process to allocate excessive issue objects and crash due to out-of-memory conditions.
References

Tue, 06 Oct 2026 02:30:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
Metrics ssvc

{'options': {'Automatable': 'yes', 'Exploitation': 'none', 'Technical Impact': 'partial'}, 'version': '2.0.3'}

Fri, 02 Oct 2026 12:15:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
References
Metrics threat_severity

None

 threat_severity

Important

Thu, 01 Oct 2026 22:00:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
First Time appeared Zod
Zod zod
CPEs cpe:2.3:a:zod:zod:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Vendors & Products Zod
Zod zod

Thu, 01 Oct 2026 20:00:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
First Time appeared Colinhacks
Colinhacks zod
Vendors & Products Colinhacks
Colinhacks zod

Thu, 01 Oct 2026 17:30:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
Description Zod schema-validation library through 4.6.5 contains an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability that allows attackers to exhaust memory by submitting a large array to an application using an array schema without a length constraint. Attackers can exploit the handleArrayResult parse logic in $ZodArray, which accumulates every validation issue for each failing element with no cap or early termination, causing the process to allocate excessive issue objects and crash due to out-of-memory conditions.
Title Zod 4.6.5 Uncontrolled Resource Consumption via Array Validation
Weaknesses CWE-770
References
Metrics cvssV3_1

{'score': 7.5, 'vector': 'CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H'}

cvssV4_0

{'score': 8.2, 'vector': 'CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N'}

Subscriptions

Colinhacks Zod
Zod Zod
cve-icon MITRE

Status: PUBLISHED

Assigner: VulnCheck

Published:

Updated: 2026-10-22T18:50:32.153Z

Reserved: 2026-10-01T17:10:41.641Z

Link: CVE-2023-54404

cve-icon Vulnrichment

Updated: 2026-10-06T01:56:43.944Z

cve-icon NVD

Status : Awaiting Analysis

Published: 2026-10-01T18:17:11.040

Modified: 2026-10-22T19:17:32.020

Link: CVE-2023-54404

cve-icon Redhat

Severity : Important

Publid Date: 2026-10-01T17:11:13Z

Links: CVE-2023-54404 - Bugzilla

cve-icon OpenCVE Enrichment

Updated: 2026-10-17T10:15:07Z

Weaknesses